For 50 years, it had stood near the Ramses Station surrounded by bridges, train lines and mosques. There were worries that heavy pollution was damaging the 3,200-year-old statue, which is 11 metres (36 feet) high and weighs about 83 tonnes.
It took 10 hours for the colossus to travel the 2km to its new home.
The statue was moved through Cairo at a stately pace on two flatbed trucks in one piece. A steel cage was built around the statue to hold it steady.
The whole operation was broadcast live on Egyptian television.
The statue's new home is a site on which a new museum of antiquities is being built.
"Ramses will be happy now," said Zahi Hawass, the head of Egypt's antiquities council. "He would have been unhappy in his tomb knowing that the statue was staying in such a mess where nobody can see him any more."
Mr Hawass said the statue originally stood in Memphis, one of the ancient capitals of Egypt, more than 3,200 years ago. It was found in excavations in 1882. In the mid-1950s it was cut into eight pieces and moved to Ramses Square in central Cairo.
Ramses II ruled Egypt for more than 60 years during the 19th dynasty of pharaohs 3,200 years ago. He was one of ancient Egypt's most prolific builders. Statues and temples dedicated to him have been found all over Egypt, but the huge figure that once adorned central Cairo is the best known of his monuments.
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